Indian logic achieved 100% inferential certainty — not probability. Acharya Veer Narayan Pandurangi explains the 2,500-year-old Nyaya framework that Western formal logic is only now beginning to approximate. At the heart of the system is Vyapti — the invariable pervasion relationship between two phenomena. Wherever there is smoke, there is fire — not as probability, but as an unbreakable relational fact. Without Vyapti, anumana (inference) simply does not fire.
The talk distinguishes Svartha Anumana (inference for oneself) from Parartha Anumana (inference for others), the latter requiring the formal five-part structure: Pratijna, Hetu, Udaharana, Upanaya, Nigamana — a structure designed to convince an opponent, not just reach a private conclusion. The Navya Nyaya school refined this for 700 years, producing extraordinary logical precision.
The critical contrast with Western logic is foundational: Aristotelian forms operate on meaningless placeholders — bad premises yield bad conclusions, and the logic is indifferent. Nyaya logic embeds truth-seeking in its architecture. A Vyapti-grounded inference is not 99% reliable — it is structurally incapable of yielding a false conclusion when correctly applied.

About the Speaker:
Director of PPSM, Bengaluru, Dr. Veeranarayana Pandurangi hails from Pandurangi family that has contributed highly to the development of philosophies of Dvaitavedanta and Nyaya for the last seven hundred years.
His research interests are in the fields of Vedic studies, Indian Logic, Dvaitavedanta, Purvamimamsa, Ancient Indian History and Machine translation where he has contributed by publishing many books and papers in various journals.